By default, the server only allows the license - like any server with online-mode=True. To allow without it, the server settings include "Cracked". The Aternos themselves are warned: without checking, anyone goes in under a stranger's nickname, so they advise the password entry plague, such as AuthMe Reloaded.
"Cracked" better turn it on at once. Switch it to a server where you've already played -- the players' things and places, the list of operators and the white list are likely to go missing: the server will start to recognize the players differently.
From TLauncher Aternos is often not available: this launcher does not read a record of Aternos storing the port. Write an address along with the port via a colon — the port is shown on the server page.