To play on Linux, you need a client with a graphical interface. Server startup commands server.jar do not open the game window. Deployment of a dedicated server is described separately in Linux VPS guide.
For several versions and fashion packs, it is convenient to store independent copies in Prism Launcher. The project distributes Linux collections through Flatpak, AppImage and other packages. Choose one way to install: two copies of the launcher may have different catalogues and give the impression that worlds have disappeared.